Expression of type 1 and type 2 cytokines from serum of coal miners and the evaluation in surveillance of coal workers' pneumoconiosis at earlier stage / 中华预防医学杂志

Objectives@#To explore the expression regulation of type 1 and type 2 (Th1 and Th2) cytokines from serum of coal miners and the evaluation in surveillance of coal workers' pneumoconiosis, 630 coal miners were studied.@*Methods@#A total of 90 male patients diagnosed as coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) in a institute for occupational health and 19 male workers newly diagnosed as CWP patients was chosen as CWP group with simple random sampling method from a coal mine group from January 2013 to December in 2015. 180 male coal miners with abnormal but not diagnosed as CWP were selected as CWP suspected group with simple random sampling methods, meanwhile 180 male coal miners with normal chest X-ray photograph was as dust-exposed group by 1∶1 matched as age. And 161 healthy males accepted pre-employed examination were selected as control group, CWP suspected group, dust-exposed group and control group called as non-CWP group. According to screening test and diagnosis test, the basic information and occupational history of all subjects were collected, and cytokines including IL-1β, IL-8, IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-10 of serum were detected. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cutoff value of each cytokine. Area under curve (AUC), the validity and reliability were calculated and judged.@*Results@#The average age of control group, dust-exposed group, CWP suspected group and CWP group were (27.4±5.0) , (43.4±10.7) , (48.2±6.2) , (64.7±7.0) years old, respectively. The median level of IL-1β, IL-8, IFN-γ and IL-6 in cases group (1 638.30, 2 099.49, 815.18,140.32 pg/ml) were higher than that of non-cases group (1 445.57, 1 402.26, 736.38, 95.73 pg/ml) (P<0.05) . The level of IL-8 (1 503.99 pg/ml) in CWP suspected group was higher than that of control group (1 295.67 pg/ml) and dust-exposed group (1 376.94 pg/ml) , but the level of IL-10 (654.08 pg/ml) was lower than that of control group (596.64 pg/ml) . The ratio of IFN-γ/IL-6 ranged from 5 to 8, and the ratio in CWP group (5.87) was lower than that of non-CWP group (7.61) . The IL-6 and IL-8 among the subjects of dust-exposed group in terms of the age distribution of among had reached statistical significance. According to ROC, the cutoff value of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and INF-γ reached 1 582.65, 116.53, 1 791.54, 581.08 and 792.69 pg/ml, respectively. The AUC was 0.668, 0.895, 0.859, 0.716 and 0.637, respectively. It was found that IL-6 and IL-8 could be used as biomarkers in detecting CWP, the sensitivity and specificity was 82.6% and 84.6%, 78.0% and 84.8%, respectively; Youden's index was 0.674 and 0.628 and the consistency rate was 84.3% and 83.7%, while Kappa value was 0.55 and 0.52.@*Conclusion@#There was Type 1 and type 2 cytokine dysregulation in CWP patients. IL-6 and IL-8 can be used as effective biomarkers to forecast lung injury before X-ray changes.

Baicalein, wogonin, and Scutellaria baicalensis ethanol extract alleviate ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation and mast cell-mediated anaphylactic shock by regulation of Th1/Th2 imbalance and histamine release / 대한해부학회지

Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, the aberrant production of the Th2 cytokines, and eosinophil infiltration into the lungs. In this study, we examined the effects of baicalein, wogonin, and Scutellaria baicalensis ethanol extract on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma by evaluating Th1/Th2 cytokine levels, histopathologic analysis, and compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis and mast cell activation, focusing on the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. Baicalein, wogonin, and S. baicalensis ethanol extract also decreased the number of inflammatory cells especially eosinophils and downregulated peribronchial and perivascular inflammation in the lungs of mice challenged by OVA. Baicalein, wogonin, and S. baicalensis ethanol extract significantly reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-5 and the production of OVA-specific IgE and IgG1, and upregulated the level of interferon-γ and OVA-specific IgG2a. In addition, oral administration of baicalein, wogonin, and S. baicalensis ethanol extract inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis and plasma histamine release in mice. Moreover, baicalein, wogonin, and S. baicalensis ethanol extract suppressed compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation and histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. Conclusively, baicalein and wogonin as major flavonoids of S. baicalensis may have therapeutic potential for allergic asthma through modulation of Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance and histamine release from mast cells.

T-Helper Cytokine Profiles in Patients with Kawasaki Disease

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis of which pathogenesis suspected is caused by immune dysregulation. The goal of this study is to evaluate the activation pattern of T helper cell type 1 (Th1) and T helper cell type 2 (Th2) in patients with Kawasaki disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Prospective study of 60 patients (male 36, female 24) with diagnosis of Kawasaki disease were enrolled. One hundred and eighty blood samples from these patients were collected according to the different clinical stages {before initial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), 5 days after initial IVIG, 2 months after initial IVIG}. The plasma level of Th1 cytokines; interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) & interleukin (IL)-2 and Th2 cytokines; IL-4 & IL-10 were measured by enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: In all patients, the plasma level of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) were markedly elevated during the acute stage of Kawasaki disease. Since then, the plasma level of all these cytokines decreased significantly along with the process of clinical stages. Regardless of the existence of coronary artery lesion or no response to initial IVIG treatment, there were no significant differences between them. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that both Th1 and Th2 cells may be activated simultaneously during the acute stage of Kawasaki disease. Further studies are therefore required to establish the difference of activation pattern of T helper cells between Kawasaki disease and other inflammatory diseases.

Changes of serum Th1/Th2 cytokine levels of allergic rhinitis patients and the intervention effect of montelukast / 中国基层医药

Objective To discuss the changes of serum Th1/Th2 cytokine levels of allergic rhinitis patients and the intervention effect of montelukast.Methods 40 cases of allergic rhinitis patients were selected as treatment group,who were given montelukast tablets (10mg) through the mouth one time daily for 8 weeks.The changes of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in peripheral blood (PB) before and after medical treatment were observed,as well as the clinical curative effect and security.Accordingly 30 cases of healthy people were also selected as the control group.Results The IFN-γlevel in culture supernatant of patients in the treatment group [(8.74 ± 1.37) ng/mL] was lower than that in the control group before the medical treatment [(15.13 ± 3.16)ng/mL],while the IL-4 level of patients in the treatment group [(1.64 ± 0.47) ng/mL] was higher than that in the control group [(0.72 ± 0.21) ng/mL] (t =2..93,3.52,all P ＜ 0.01).After 8 weeks' medical treatment,the IFN-γ level in culture supernatant of patients [(12.36 ± 2.56) ng/mL] increased obviously than that of before [(8.74 ± 1.37) ng/mL],while the IL-4 level [(1.21 ± 0.28) ng/mL] declined obviously than that of before [(1.64 ± 0.47) ng/mL] (t =2.36,2.31,all P ＜ 0.05).The total clinical efficiency of patients in the treatment group was 92.5 ％ (37/40).No serious drug adverse reaction (DAR) appeared during the medical treatment.Conclusion The Th1/Th2 cytokine unbalances in peripheral blood (PB) of allergic rhinitis patients.Montelukast has reliable curative effect with high security,whose mechanism of action has close effect on lowering the IL-4 in peripheral blood (PB),increasing the IFN-γ level in peripheral blood (PB),correcting the balance disorders of Th1/Th2 cytokine,and the transformation of immunity reaction from Th2 to Th1.

Immunomodulatory effects of probiotics on rat models with ovalbumin induced food allergy / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective To investigate the effects of probiotics on the occurrence of ovalbumin (OVA) induced food allergy and the regulatory effects on immune function of rat models. Methods Thirty female Brown-Norway rats aged 3 weeks were randomly divided into blank control group,food allergy group and probiotics intervention group(n=10).The levels of serum OVA-IgE and intestinal sIgA were measured by ELISA method.Splenic lymphocytes were isolated and cultured in vitro,and the Treg lymphocyte subgroups in the spleen were analyzed by flow eytometry.The levels of IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-10 in the supernatant of cultured splenic lymphocytes were measured by ELISA method. Results The serum OVA-IgE level in food allergy group was significantly higher than that in blank control group(P<0.05),while that in probiotics intervention group was significantly lower than that in food allergy group(P<0.05).Compared with food allergy group and blank control group,the level of intestinal sIgA in probiotics intervention group was significantly higher(P<0.05).The percentage of CD4~+CD25~+T lymphoeytes in food allergy group was significantly lower than that in blank contml group(P<significant difference between probiotics intervention group and food allergy group(P>0.05).The levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in food allergy group were significantly higher than those in blank control group(P<0.05).Probiotics intervention group had significantly lower levels of IL-4,IL-10 and IFN-γ than food allergy group(P<0.05).The ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 in food allergy group was significantly lower than that in blank control group(P<0.05),while that in probiotics intervention group was significantly higher than that in food allergy group(P<0.05). Conclusion Probioties intervention could prevent the occurrence of food allergy in animal models by modulating the Th1/Th2 eytokine balance.

Cytokine Response to Exercise during Exposure to Cold / 日本補完代替医療学会誌

This study examined cytokine responses to cold exposure together with the effects of exercise and thermal adaptation. Ten male short-track skaters who had adapted to a cold environment, and ten male inline skaters who had not, were each assigned to two experimental conditions. For the cold condition, subjects sat for 60 min at 5–8°C, then exercised on a cycle ergometer for 60 min at 65% maximal oxygen uptake (at 5–8°C), and finally sat again for 120 min at room temperature (20–25°C). In the control condition, subjects participated in the same protocol as the above but at room temperature (20–25°C). Blood samples were collected at pre-cold exposure, post-cold exposure (pre-exercise), post-exercise, post-30 min, post-60 min, and post-120 min, and analyzed for plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I (sTNFR-I), cortisol, and myoglobin by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 60-min cycle ergometer exercise induced significant increases in plasma IL-1ra, IL-10 and IL-12p40 at room temperature in short-track skaters adapted to the cold, but significant decreases in these cytokines were observed with exposure to cold. These results indicate that acute cold exposure has a suppressive effect on cytokine response during exercise, suggesting the possibility of preventive effects on immunosuppression, heat stroke and allergy induced by exercise.<br>

Local Th1/Th2 Cytokine Expression in Experimental Murine Vaginal Candidiasis / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

In order to investigate the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the vaginal candidiasis caused by Candida, the fungal vaginitis model was established in female ICR mice by intravaginal inoculation of suspension of C. albicans after the animals were pretreated with estradiol. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1 in the vagina in the mice of different groups at different time points after the beginning of the experiment. The average expression level of IL-2 mRNA in group D (estrogen-treated mice) was significantly higher than that in groups H (estrogen-untreated mice) and I (control group) on the day 2. The average expression level of IL-4 mRNA in group D was significantly higher than that in groups I and H on the day 5. The average expression level of IL-10 mRNA in group D was significantly higher than that in groups H and I from day 7 to 11. The average expression level of TGF-β1 mRNA in group D was significantly higher than that in groups H and I at all time points. It was concludes that the high-level expression of IL-2 mRNA during early infection was associated with clearance of mucosal C. albicans, and the high-level expression of IL-10 mRNA during late stage of the infection was related to susceptibility to infection. TGF-β1 may play a predominant role when the virtual absence of changes in other Th-type cytokines during infection.

Effects of Low-Intensity Brief Exercise and Training on Cell-Mediated Immunity / 日本補完代替医療学会誌

We investigated the effects of low-intensity brief exercise on lymphocyte functions and plasma cytokine concentrations. Six young sedentary women performed 30-min walking exercise (6 km/h, 50–65% HR max) per day for 3 weeks. Each subject’s peripheral blood was sampled before training, 1 week and 3 weeks after training, and analyzed for natural killer (NK) cell activity, T cell proliferation activity, granzyme B, interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40 and interferon.γ (IFN-γ). Lymphocyte functions did not change significantly following training, but plasma concentrations of IL-12p40 decreased significantly. These results suggest that cytokine balance towards significant Th1>Th2 is induced by low-intensity training.<br>

Effect of Glucocorticoid on Disbalance of Th_1/Th_2 Cytokines in Asthmatic Patients / 中国医师杂志

Objective To explore the effect of glucocorticoid on disbalance of the Th 1/Th 2 cytokines to investigate the mechanism of treatment of breathing in glucocorticoid in asthmatic patients. Methods The peripheral blood was drawn and the plasma IL-4,IL-12 and IgE of control group and patients were detected by ELISA method before and after glucocorticoid treatment. The results were analysed statistically. Results ⑴In asthmatic group, plasma IL-4 and IgE levels, and PEF variant rate after treatment were lower than those before treatment (P0.05); and ⑷ Correlation analysis showed that IL-4 level positively correlated with the IgE level and PEF variant rate(r=0.64,r=0.52;P

Cell-mediated Immune Responses in Syphilitic Patients after In vitro Stimulation with the 47 kDa Antigen of Treponema pallidum / 대한면역학회지

Present study was aimed to investigate the immunological activities of the 47 kDa glycoprotein antigen from Treponema pallidum and conducted on 24 patients with syphilis, (early, late, spontaneously healed, congenital and treated patients) and on 17 normal healthy controls. Two opposite lymphoproliferative manifestations to the 47 kDa antigen were observed in syphilis patients by H-thymidine incorporation assay. Ten responders (stimulation index [Sl] >4) showed a 3-fold-higher proliferation than the nonresponders, and four of those responders were spontaneously healed patients. Furthermore, analysis by flow cytometry indicated a preferential expansion of CD4' T lymphocytes by the 47 kDa antigen in the spontaneously healed syphilis patients. Stimulation of PBMCs of spontaneously healed syphilis patients with the 47 kDa antigen for greater than 72 hrs resulted in piogressive augmentation of IFN-r, IL-2Ra and IL-2 mRNA measured by RT-PCR, but considerably reduced IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA expression. However, patients with late latent syphilis exhibited more increased IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA expressions in response to the 47 kDa antigen than spontaneously healed syphilis group. In contrast to other groups, when cultured with the 47 kDa antigen very low IFN-#y, IL-2Ra and IL-2 mRNA expressions were shown in early syphilis group. These data suggest that the Th1-predominant cellular responses induced by the 47 kDa antigen may be involved in the clinical outcome of syphilis and provide the immunologic basis for further functional studies regarding the role of the 47 kDa in the immunopathogenesis of syphilis.

EFFECTS OF IL-12 ON TH1/TH2 CYTOKINE EXPRESSION LEVEL IN MICE WITH BLOOD-STAGE PLASMODIUM BEIGHEI INFECTION / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To study the effect of IL-12 on Th1/Th2 cytokine expression level and the role of IL-12 in the shi ft ing of Th1/Th2 immune response against blood-stage Plasmodium b e ighei infection in mice. Methods [WT5”BZ ]BALB/c mice were infected with 5?105 parasitized RBC and received doses of 0.03 or 0.15 ?g/d of IL-12 on the day of infection and daily for 6 days post -in fection. The levels of IFN-? and IL-4 in sera or supernatants of splenic lymp hocyte cultured in vitro were detected by the EL ISA method. Results Compared with spleen cells fro m untreated mice, spleen cells from 0.03 ?g dose of IL-12-treated mice produ ced significantly higher level of Th1-associated cytokine IFN -?, but lower level of Th2-associated cytokine IL-4 in response to PHA or sA g stimulation on day 7 post-infection, whereas spleen cells from 0.15 ?g dose I L-1 2-treated mice produced significantly lower levels of IFN-? and IL-4. The le vel of IFN-? was apparent in the sera of mice treated with 0.03 or 0.15 ?g/d I L-12 on day 3 post-infection and peaked on the day 5 post-infection, but level of I FN-? even was significantly lower in mice treated with 0.15 ?g/d IL-12 comp ara ble to that in control mice on day 7 post-infection. The level of IFN-? was n ot detected in the sera of control mice through 7 days post-infection. [WT5” H Z] Conclusion Appropriate dose of IL-12 regulates the deve lop ment of resistance to P.berghei via a CD 4+ T h1 response, which involves the cytokines IFN-?. [HT5”SS] However, higher doses of IL-12 dramatically inhibite immune pro t ective ability, which may be detrimental to resistance against P .berghei infection. [